International LL.M. Courses & Specializations

CORE COURSES (MANDATORY)

Introduction to Israeli Law
Professor Ron Harris
2 credits

This course will introduce international students the Israeli legal system. It will survey the historical construction of the Israeli legal system, starting with the Ottoman Empire, going through the British Mandate, Independence and post-independence eras as formative periods, the codification, the Constitutional Revolution and concluding for now with the early 21st century. It will place the Israeli system on the comparative law map between the common law and civil law traditions. It will present the court system, with special attention to the Supreme Court and its role as High Court of Justice. It will present the role of the Legislature and of statutory and regulatory reforms.

Introduction to Law and Economics
Professor Sharon Hannes
2 credits

This course will provide an introduction to economic analysis of the law. We shall see how legal rules and institutions can correct market failures. Covered topics shall include the Coase Theorem, economic analysis of breach of contract, introduction to game theory, property v' liability rules, litigation and settlement, tax v' subsidy, economic analysis of eminent domain, criminal sanctions (the tradeoff between the certainty and severity of punishment), accidents, precautions & optimal activity level, regulation v' liability for harm, products liability and non-monetary damages. There is no formal economics prerequisite to take this course. The purpose of the course is to introduce economic analysis methodology to the students, equip them with the basic tools of this school of thought and apply it to several major areas of the law.

Introduction to Law and Society
Dr. Tami Kricheli-Katz
2 credits

The course deals with the relationships across law, society and culture. We will focus on sociological theories of the law, its origins and functions. Among other things, we will discuss the following topics: Legal sanctions and their relationship to morality, rationality and cognition; compliance and obedience to the law, crime and perversion; the gap between the law in the books and the law in action, the social roles of judges, lawyers and juries.

The purpose of the course is to expose students to socio-legal theories of the law and related social institutions and to provide them with analytical tools that will enable them to further investigate the relationship between law and society.

Scholars' Workshop: Legal Theory
Professor Yishai Blank
2 credits

The twentieth century was marked by intense debates concerning the basic ideas about the law: What is the role of law in society? What is the relation between politics and law? What is the nature of the legal process? What should be the guiding principles of legal interpretation and judicial reasoning? And, what is the role of the various legal institutions of the state? American legal theory, which dealt with these questions, has been globally influential, impacting the consciousness of legal elites – lawmakers, legal academics, judges and administrators – throughout the world. The Workshop will examine the internal evolutions within the American legal field and the way it has disseminated to the field of international law as well as to various jurisdictions across the world.

WORKSHOPS (Choose 1 of 4)

Workshop: Law and Economics
Professor Sharon Hannes
Professor Ariel Porat

Workshop: Private Law
Professor Hanoch Dagan
Professor Avihay Dorfman

Workshop: Law and Technology
Professor Michael Birnhack

Workshop: The Theory of International Law and Institutions
Professor Eyal Benvenisti
Professor Aeyal Gross
Dr. Doreen Lustig

TRACK 1: LAW, GLOBAL GOVERNANCE AND HUMAN RIGHTS
Specialization requirements: students must complete 1 seminar class + 4 courses in this track.

Seminar: Law and Global Governance
Professor Eyal Benvenisti
3 credits

Globalization has led to a broad transfer of policy making authority from the domestic to the global sphere. This power shift has facilitated review by global authorities of domestic decisions, but has also shielded many global policy making processes from domestic monitoring and reviewing mechanisms. The seminar will examine the roles of domestic courts and institutions, global tribunals and arbitration panels, global monitoring bodies and other global organizations, private organizations and NGOs in responding to the accountability gaps and opportunities created by globalization. They have done so by developing and applying accountability requirements of transparency, participation, reason-giving, and liability. We will examine the incentives and constraints that shape the capabilities of these actors to further these objectives. Examples will be drawn from a variety of fields, including human rights, environmental protection, and regulation of trade and investment. The purpose of the seminar is to acquaint students with the various forms of global governance institutions that take part in forming and reviewing public policy making and to explore the challenges that they pose to the ideals of democratic participation, global welfare and egalitarian allocation of resources and opportunities. Pedagogically, the seminar is designed to provide participants to engage in independent research of a topic of their choice.

Course: International Taxation
Professor Reuven Avi-Yonah
2 credits

This course introduces students to the basic features of the international tax regime, with particular emphasis on the international aspects of the US income tax and on tax treaties. Topics covered include jurisdiction to tax, inbound taxation (US taxation of foreigners), transfer pricing, outbound taxation (US taxation of foreign source income), tax treaties, international mergers and acquisitions, and the future of the international tax regime in the 21st century.

Course: Transitional Justice
Professor Leora Bilsky
2 credits

Transitional justice scholarship studies legal responses to collective violence, and asks how these responses affect collective memory and the state’s liberalization. Unlike a military revolution that sustains its authority by brute force, democratic regimes are committed to the rule of law and are inclined to address the evils of the previous regime with the help of legal devices. However, the new regime’s commitment to the rule of law also makes it aware of the dangers of using ex post facto laws and indulging in ‘victor’s justice.’ At such times, the various expectations from the law—to punish the guilty, ascertain the truth about the old regime, and enhance reconciliation in society—seem to overwhelm the legal system and to push it in opposite directions. As a result, trials of transition bring to the foreground the clash between politics and justice. In this course we will focus on the two main approaches to the problem which have evolved since World War II: exemplary criminal trials (Nuremberg, Eichmann, and others) and truth commissions, and examine them from the perspective of the relationship between law and politics. We will consider the politics of domestic transitional measures as well as of international criminal trials and other transnational legal mechanisms used in political transitions.

Course: Transitional Justice & Conflict Resolution: Comparative Perspectives
Ms. Hayley Galgut
2 credits

This course examines measures available to emerging democracies and societies currently engaged in on-going conflict to transform the socio-political and legal contexts that pertain through confronting complex legacies of human rights violations in the hope of securing sustainable conflict cessation, peaceful co-existence, healing the deep wounds of divided peoples and building nations founded firmly on the values of human dignity, equality and freedom for all. Transitional justice strategies will be studied holistically and located within their broader context as one of a spectrum of complementary inter-disciplinary and multi-sectoral initiatives employed to advance socio-political transformation in the continuance or aftermath of long-term conflict. With reference to the now substantial body of academic and comparative, practice-based literature as well as documentary evidence, key themes will be explored and approaches critically appraised.

Course: The International Law of Work
Professor Guy Mundlak
2 credits

Young women labour stitching jeans in a Chinese factory; fisherman in Southern United States are losing their jobs to Vietnam; care live-ins work around the clock; construction workers in Germany remain unemployed at the time Polish workers are being posted in Germany; consumers boycott Nike, but hesitate before paying premium prices for fair trade coffee; trade unions around the world support their fellow dock-workers in the Liverpool port. What do we make of these examples?

As labour and capital markets transcend domestic borders, the objectives of labour law can no longer be confined solely to actions within the nation state. The purpose of this course is twofold. First, to identify the diverse components of international employment and labour law, the institutions, the claims and the methods for advancing social protection to workers world-wide. This inquiry spans beyond traditional instruments that are associated with labour law, and includes trade law, private international law, international human rights and corporate social responsibility. It further seeks to embed the study of legal instruments in the broader economic and sociological debates on globalisation. The second goal is to critically assess how international developments affect domestic labour law and our perception of the ethical and economic values that underscore this body of law.

Course: Democracy & Counter-Terrorism in the 21st Century: Legal Challenges & Developments
Advocate Galit Raguan
2 credits

Course description will be added soon.

Course: International Environmental Law
Professor Issi Rosen-Zvi
2 credits

Over the last 35 years, international environmental law has undergone a dramatic expansion. In 1972, when the first worldwide environmental conference took place in Stockholm, there were only very few international environmental treaties, primarily concerning wildlife conservation and the protection of the marine environment from oil pollution. Since the 1970s the world has witnessed a proliferation of international legal regimes and related efforts to manage sustainability issues that reach beyond national borders. Literally, hundreds of multilateral agreements have been negotiated, covering such diverse topics as acid rain, depletion of the ozone layer, protection of biological diversity, desertification, control of toxic chemicals, transboundary shipment of hazardous wastes and chemicals, and climate change.

The overarching question we will examine throughout the course is: What role can law play in addressing international environmental problems? This course will provide a general introduction to the basic concepts and mechanisms of international environmental law. As we will not be able to cover the entire field, the course will focus on a few case studies that illustrate the basic types of international environmental regimes, problems and issues. Among the issues the course will examine are: Why do states cooperate in developing international environmental norms? What factors promote or hinder cooperation? What incentives and disincentives do states have to comply with international environmental standards? What are the comparative strengths and weaknesses of national, regional and multilateral institutions in the design and implementation of environmental regimes? What types of international environmental standards are most effective? How do we evaluate effectiveness?

The purpose of the course is to provide students with knowledge about existing international environmental regimes and equip them with theoretical tools to analyze and evaluate them.

Course: Labor Migration and Human Trafficking
Dr. Hila Shamir
2 credits

A rapidly evolving body of international and national law focuses on human trafficking. While significant political and scholarly attention has been dedicated to the prevention of sex trafficking, there is a growing understanding that human trafficking is not unique to the sex industry but occurs in other labor sectors such as agriculture, construction, and domestic work. This course will focus on understanding the mechanisms of anti-trafficking law, the ideological and policy impulses that produced and sustain it, the complex ways in which it is interacting with other legal regimes affecting labor migration (immigration law; human rights law and governance; international and national labor law; etc.), and the distributive effects it is producing both in the developed and the developing world. The course will begin with a study of the origins of anti-trafficking law in the context of sex work, and disagreements among feminists about the legal approach towards sex work/prostitution, and will then turn to an exploration of the challenges facing the current anti- trafficking legal framework in effectively reducing labor exploitation in both the sex industry and other labor sectors.

The course's goal is to introduce students to the international legal regime that developed around human trafficking, to contextualize this development in relation to other developments in the field of the international regulation of labor migration and human rights, and to provide students with the analytical tools to assess the regime's successes and failures. The course is based on legal texts as well as diverse texts from a variety of disciplines. The interdisciplinary approach is designed to deepen students understanding of newly emerging international regulatory mechanisms in general, and to critically engage with the international anti-trafficking regime in particular.

Course: Law of the United Nations
Dr. Daphna Shraga
2 credits

The course will examine the Law of the United Nations in a multi-disciplinary context. It will focus on the institutional and legal framework of UN activities in an ever-growing number and diversity of fields, the powers and competences of the United Nations, and its role in world affairs and in the development of international law. The course will examine the practice of the Organization, of States and of judicial institutions where the purposes and principles of the UN Charter were implemented, interpreted, deviated from or further developed. It will examine, in particular, the nature and characteristics of an international organization, the Charter of the United Nations, membership in the United Nations, peace and security, humanitarian intervention and the passage to Responsibility to Protect, peacekeeping operations, international criminal tribunals, economic sanctions and responsibility of international organizations. The course will conclude with a discussion of the challenges of the United Nations in a globalized world.

Course: Human Rights Disability Law: International Perspectives
Professor Neta Ziv
2 credits

The course will explore the intersection between human rights law and disability, from an international and comparative perspective. In the first part of the course the students will be introduced to a theoretical and legal framework based on international human rights principles and critical disability theory and will engage in a detailed study of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). The framework will then be explored in the second part of the course, using a comparative law approach, through an examination of particular case studies focusing on state laws and court decisions, benchmarked against the CRPD. Throughout the course the role of law and policy in promoting and protecting the rights of people with disabilities will be evaluated; areas requiring reform identified; and strategies for the change considered. Examples for case studies are: supported decision making, inclusive education, access to justice, employment, right to family life, and health..

TRACK 2: LAW, STATE AND RELIGION
Specialization requirements: students must complete 1 seminar class + 4 courses, or 2 seminar classes + 3 courses in this track.

Seminar: Biotechnology and Religion: Israel in a Comparative Perspective
Professor Shai Lavi
3 credits
(Also satisfies requirements for Track 3)

Recent advancements in biotechnology both at the beginning and at the end of life have given rise to new bioethical and legal dilemmas. The legal regulation of new biotechnologies greatly differs from country to country. Religious belief and cultural heritage play a central role in determining these differences. In comparison to other Western countries, Israel is often described as exceptionally liberal in regulating biotechnologies at the beginning of life and markedly conservative at its end. The seminar will explore the Israeli case in a comparative perspective, and assess the importance of religion and culture to the formation of legal regulation in Israel in comparison to Europe, the US, and other Middle-Eastern countries. Among the topics covered in the seminar are: genetic engineering, reproductive cloning, and abortion at the beginning of life, and euthanasia, vital organ transplantation, and posthumous sperm extraction at life’s end.

The purpose of the seminar is to provide students with a theoretical framework for analyzing the relationship between law, science and religion (as a set of beliefs and as a cultural heritage), and provide them with skills to conduct comparative legal research.

Seminar: Religion and the Liberal State
Professor Menny Mautner
3 credits

In the first half of the twentieth century, following Weber’s “Secularization Thesis”, it was a firm assumption in the social sciences that modernization processes inevitably involve secularization. In recent decades this assumption has been widely undermined. It has been argued that even in countries that went through widespread processes of modernization, many people are still religious believers and practitioners.

In the United States, since the 1970s we have been witnessing much invigoration in the political organization and political power of Christian religious groups. In Europe, where Weber’s thesis has seemed to be most pertinent, religion has become highly conspicuous in recent decades following large numbers of Muslim immigration. This, in turn, has bred recurring confrontations between deep seated premises of the liberal state, on the one hand, and deeply entrenched Muslim religious convictions, on the other. Similar such confrontations may be found in other countries such, as Canada and Britain.

In Israel, the rise of religious fundamentalism in Religious Zionism is discernible since the 1970s. This fundamentalism denies any value of Western spiritual heritage, including the basic principles of the regime, political culture and law of the country. Also, in the late 1970s and early 1980s ultra-Orthodox Ashkenazi and Sephardic religious parties entered the core of the political process.

These developments, in the world and in Israel, underline not only the tension, but also the growing friction, between the claims of religious normative systems (Christian, Muslim, Jewish) on the one hand, and the normative premises of the liberal state, embedded in its law, political culture and regime, on the other. As a result, in recent years there is widespread discussion by liberal political theorists, as well as by the courts of liberal states, of the issue of the reconciliation of liberalism and religiosity. This seminar aims at acquainting the students with these theoretical and legal discussions, as well as at allowing them to critically evaluate them.

Course: Remembering Like a State: Law and National Identity
Professor Jose Brunner
2 credits

Laws and legal mechanisms both express and shape national identity by instituting modes of collective forgetting and remembering. They fulfill this dual task by various means: by legislating memorial days, establishing national archives, documentation centers and historical museums, initiating trials with historical significance, empowering commissions of inquiry to investigate historically important events, offering or denying restitution for past injustices, offering amnesty or imposing punishment for atrocities committed under previous regimes.

This course will explore the broad range of techniques by which legislation and judicial procedures regulate and articulate historical memories, thus manifesting and molding visions of national identity all over the world. This will be done by examining a series of case studies from Western and Eastern Europe, the Middle and the Far East, North and South America, Africa and Australia.

Course: Freedom of Religion
Dr. Avihay Dorfman
2 credits

Most liberal democracies provide protection against state imposition of religious orthodoxy. It typically takes two forms—freedom of religion and freedom from religion (or, in the language of the U.S. Constitution, the Free Exercise and the Establishment Clause, respectively). The exploration of these two freedoms from legal, theoretical, and historical perspectives is the purpose of this course. Some of the main questions that will be addressed from all three perspectives are: where and how the line that separates church and state ought to be drawn; why single out religion (say, rather than conscious) as an object of special constitutional protection; can religious liberty and equality be reconciled; can there be a non-sectarian principle of toleration?

Course: Islamic Law & the State: Historical Development & Contemporary Contexts
Professor Arif Jamal
2 credits

This course will, first, trace the historical and contextual development of Muslim legal traditions. To this end, course participants should develop a general understanding of the development of classical Islamic law including the geographical schools, the eponymous schools, the dynamic between Shari'a and fiqh, and between fiqh and usul al-fiqh (including an understanding of the sources of law), and the basic differnces between Sunni and shi'i legal theory. From this basis, the course will move on to consider issues and debates that arise in attempts at applying Islamic law in comtemporary nation states both conceptually and through the examination of selected case studies.

Course: The Jewish Political Tradition Through the Eyes of the Law
Professor Suzanne Stone
2 credits

The purpose of the seminar is to acquaint students with the various forms of global governance institutions that take part in forming and reviewing public policy making and to explore the challenges that they pose to the ideals of democratic participation, global welfare and egalitarian allocation of resources and opportunities. Pedagogically, the seminar is designed to provide participants to engage in independent research of a topic of their choice.

Course: Gender, Religion and the Law
Dr. Gila Stopler
2 credits

The purpose of the course is to acquaint students with relevant aspects of the varieties of religion state relations across the globe, of feminist theory and women's rights in different countries, and of the intersection between them. The course will then use this comparative perspective to reflect on the interaction between women's rights and religion state relations in Israel. The comparative and interdisciplinary perspectives will improve students' comparative skills and deepen their understanding of the relations between law and society.

This course explores these issues through three focal points. First, we will examine the ideas of some major thinkers in legal and political theory who have theorised about the relationship of law and religion. Our starting point for this will be the seminal contribution of John Rawls’s work Political Liberalism. After looking at Rawls’s theory we will turn to responses and reactions to Rawls from other prominent thinkers. Second, we will examine ‘religio-legal’ cultures and traditions to understand how they expressed and represented the relationship of law and religion. Finally, we will look at selected case studies – instance where law and religion have directly encountered each other – as points of reflection and discussion.

Course: Islam, Law & State in the Middle East & Asia
Dr. Micha'el Tanchum
2 credits

Course description will be added soon.

Course: Tensions Between Liberal Law and Religion: The Case of Jewish Law
Dr. Shai Wozner
2 credits

The course addresses the tensions between liberal and religious laws, particularly in the context of Jewish law. It is usually argued that Jewish law is a religious law and its narratives and values at its basis cannot be reconciled with the narratives and liberal democratic values which characterize western liberal secular law. The course will examine the validity of this argument to ascertain the exact meaning of religious law and its nature.

Some of the subjects studied in the course: History of the relationships between law and religion; "legal" characteristics of religion and "religious" characteristics of law; The change from religious to legal hegemony in the western world; religious constructs which penetrated the western legal systems; belief in the existence of Divinity and its possible implications on the concepts of law and morality; Is Jewish law a religious law? the attitude of Jewish law toward liberal democratic values; the tensions between morals and religion; the concept of sanctity in the religious and legal contexts.

The course also studies a number of specific topics in the focus of tension between religious and liberal law such as: abortion, euthanasia, exclusion of women and homosexuality.

The aim of the course is to improve understanding of the complex relationships between religion and law in modern thought, particularly in the context of Jewish and Israeli laws, and to provide critical skills to facilitate critical examination of the validity of accepted conventions about law and religion in the legal discourse.

TRACK 3: LAW AND TECHNOLOGY
Specialization requirements: students must complete 1 seminar class + 4 courses, or 2 seminar classes + 3 courses in this track.

Seminar: Law and Global Governance
Professor Eyal Benvenisti
3 credits

Seminar: Law and Information Technology
Professor Michael Birnhack
3 credits

What is the relationship between law and technology? Does the law lag behind technology? Can the law regulate technology? This seminar will query the complex relationship between law and Information Technology (IT). It is a conceptual seminar, with the intention of providing students with tools to address additional IT Law topics in their individual works. We will encounter several answers to the over-arching question and few explanatory models. We shall ask not only can the law regulate technology, but also how. We will examine various regulatory modalities and legislative techniques. Accordingly, each of the topics we will discuss serves as a case study for one or more strands of the above, broader theoretical themes.

During the first meetings, we will sample few topics related to IT Law, such as online speech (shielding children from harmful material; the use of technological filters, the rise of new intermediaries, e.g., search engines), ISP liability, online anonymity, and digital privacy.

The purpose of the seminar is to equip students with informed general perspectives about the law/information technology relationship, delve into several topics in the seminar's meetings, and then enable the students to closely study one topic, in their seminar papers. As such, the seminar is also meant to improve academic legal skills.

Seminar: Biotechnology and Religion: Israel in a Comparative Perspective
Professor Shai Lavi
3 credits
(also satisfies requirements for Track 2)

Course: Introduction to Intellectual Property
Adv. Eran Bareket
Adv. Tony Greenman
2 credits

The course will introduce the student to the theoretical basis and the legal foundations of intellectual property protection. We will examine the fundamentals of the laws of the traditional forms of intellectual property: copyright and related rights, patents, designs, trademarks and trade secrets, as well as more modern concepts, such as the right of publicity and IP in traditional knowledge. In particular, we will explore the subject matter, scope and term of protection, as well as questions of ownership and infringement. Emphasis will be placed on the balancing of IP rights with the public interest, such as the right of free speech and the free flow of information, and on the influence of advances in technology on that balance. Additionally, we will discuss the international regimes of protection and different approaches to the subject matter in various jurisdictions.

Course: Digital Copyright
Prof. Oren Bracha
2 credits

The course explores the law and policy of copyright in the context of digital technology. Digital technology - such as digital content formats and devices for their use or manipulation, the Internet, technological protection measures and platforms for peer production - create novel challenges and promises in respect to the traditional policies of copyright law. This course examines the law of digital copyright that has developed in the last two decades and its connection to the social policies underlying copyright law. Special emphasis will be put on the interaction between legal and technological regulation and its relationship with new forms of economic, cultural and social activies.

Course: Corporate Innovation & Intellectual Property Strategy
Professor Orly Lobel
2 credits

What are the optimal policy ingredients and business strategies for managing innovation? How can business leaders, inventors, lawyers, and policymakers benefit from the connections between corporate success, intellectual property, and human capital? We will examine corporate policies and disputes over the control of ideas, secrets, skill, and intellectual property. In particular, we will analyze non-compete contracts, trade secrets and non-disclosures, information privacy, economic espionage, employee duties of loyalty, including prohibitions on customer and co-worker solicitation and raiding for competitive endeavors; and employer ownership over inventions and artistic work, including pre-invention patent assignment agreements and work-for-hire disputes.

In the past few years, the black box of innovation has been pierced with a plethora of new interdisciplinary research and practice. At the same time, industry and policymakers around the world are debating the reforms in intellectual property laws, employment laws, antitrust and innovation policies. In the course, we will bring together these various developments to identify how companies can sustain their innovative capacities, commercialize science, and manage creativity, and to assess how differences in regulatory and contractual arrangements in the employment relationship can impact key aspects of innovation, such as the rate of patent filings, the level of network participation in intellectual and creative endeavors, individual motivation to innovate, organizational behavior, and talent mobility.

Themes of the Course:

21st Workplace and its challenges from the perspectives of job mobility, technology, innovation, and intellectual property.
Frontiers in interdisciplinary studies, including behavioral law and economics; experimental and empirical legal studies.
Policy perspectives on innovation, creativity, and competition.
Human capital management in the global knowledge economy.

Course: IP in the Digital Age
Professor Peter Menell
2 credits

Course description will be added soon.

Course: Licensing of Intellectual Property
Adv. David Mirchin
2 credits

This is an advanced licensing class for students who already have a solid foundation in intellectual property law and contract law. The focus will be practical rather than theoretical, and the course will address real-world business and legal scenarios faced by technology companies.

The purpose of the course is to familiarize students with a wide range of licensing issues and ways to address divergent interests. We will cover in-depth licensing of software, content and inventions. We will review the purpose of various key terms in licensing agreements, the interests of each party, and a variety of fallback and alternative solutions which could serve your client and “make the deal happen.” The course will address some specific legal issues related to licensing, such as the enforceability of clickwrap agreements, and website terms of use never agreed to by users, the impact of bankruptcy upon a license, and licensing of open source software.

Students will also learn about various forms of agreement related to intellectual property licenses, such as Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) agreements and software escrow agreements.

Course: Intellectual Property Policy
Professor Dotan Oliar
2 credits

This class will cover advanced topics in intellectual property law and policy. Topics include optimal balance of incentives and access, optimal duration of intellectual property protection, the desirable scope of exclusive rights, sequential and cumulative innovation, recent empirical work in IP, search costs theory of trademark law, and alternatives to intellectual property rights as means to promote progress in the arts and sciences. Students should be at ease with the economic approach to law, although no previous knowledge is assumed or required.

Course: Information, Law & Technology
Professor Guy Pessach
2 credits

This is an introductory course to the interface of law, technology and networked communication platforms. The course examines legal aspects of the Internet and digital technologies with emphasis on the creative industries. Topics to be discussed include: legal regulation of search engines, liability for online copyright infringement, net neutrality, digital cultural preservation, online privacy and new business models for content distribution.

Course: Visual Arts & the Law
Professor Kurt Siehr
2 credits

The course deals with legal problems of cultural property in public and private international law, European law and national law. The course is taught by case law method showing pictures and art objects in PowerPoint.